END NOTES

1. “SOI Tax Stats – Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) Percentile Data by State,” Internal Revenue Service, accessed June 2, 2026, https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-adjusted-gross-income-agi-percentile-data-by-state.

2. “Real Hourly Wage (2025$),” Economic Policy Institute Data Library, accessed June 2, 2026, https://data.epi.org/wages/hourly_wage_percentiles/line/year/state26/real_wage_2025/wage_percentile?timeStart=1978-01-01&timeEnd=2025-01-01&dateString=2025-01-01&highlightedLines=wage_p10&highlightedLines=wage_p90.

3. “The State of ALICE in Michigan,” United For ALICE, accessed June 2, 2026, https://www.unitedforalice.org/key-findings/michigan.

4. Joseph Llobrera and Lauren Hall, “SNAP Helps Millions of Workers in Low-Paying Jobs,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, July 30, 2024, https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/snap-helps-millions-of-workers-in-low-paying-jobs.

5. Allen M. Chen, “Barriers to Health Equity in the United States of America: Can They Be Overcome?” International Journal for Equity in Health 24, no. 39 (February 2025), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-025-02401-w.

6. Teresa Ghilarducci and Christopher D. Cook, “No Way Out: Older Workers Are Increasingly Trapped in Crummy Jobs and Unable to Retire,” Economic Policy Institute, April 28, 2023, https://www.epi.org/blog/no-way-out-older-workers-are-increasingly-trapped-in-crummy-jobs-and-unable-to-retire-growing-disparities-in-work-and-retirement-in-30-charts/.

7. “American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates,” U.S. Census Bureau, accessed June 2, 2026, https://data.census.gov/table?t=-01:Income+and+Poverty&g=040XX00US26&y=2024.

8. “Hourly Wage, Median – Median Real Hourly Wage by Race/Ethnicity (2025$),” Economic Policy Institute Data Library, accessed June 2, 2026, https://data.epi.org/wages/hourly_wage_median/line/year/state26/real_wage_median_2025/race?timeStart=1978-01-01&timeEnd=2025-01-01&dateString=2025-01-01&highlightedLines=race_black&highlightedLines=race_white.